Popular in Social Sciences

Banks and Policy Organisations

Macroeconomic modelling of CBDC: a critical review

European Central Bank Ulrich Bindseil

Social Identities and Divisions

A new explanation of antisemitism: Jew hatred as a civilisational phenomenon

Boston University Liah Greenfeld

Banks and Policy Organisations

Financing Private Credit

Federal Reserve Bank of New York Nina Boyarchenko

Economics

Failing Banks

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Emil Verner

Culture and Society

The City as a Growth Machine: Toward a Political Economy of Place

New York University Harvey Moltoch

American Politics

Keeping the Republic

Boston College Marc Landy

British Politics

Entrepreneurial thinking: the politics and practice of policy impact

University of Sheffield Matthew Flinders

The Ties that Bind: War Histories and Online Social Networks in Postwar Societies

View more insights in Social Sciences - Political Science

View more figures from University of Luxembourg

View the page of Christophe Lesschaeve

Read the Study

Next in Political Science

Is There Really a Dictator’s Dilemma? Information and Repression in Autocracy

Scott Gehlbach | University of Chicago

Pollster choices vs voters’ decisions

Joshua Clinton | Vanderbilt University

Christophe Lesschaeve and Josip Glaurdić show that online social connections are substantially related to people’s war experiences of combat, victimhood, and forced migration, as well as to their views of the wars’ causes, conduct, and consequences.

Image courtesy of interviewee. December 11, 2023

Log-in or Sign-up to Faculti
Currently viewing this subject insight as a guest. You have insight(s) remaining for this month. Login to view 8000+ figures on the platform.

Generating Workspace...

Export as PDF

This video video discusses the concept of political homophily, which is the tendency of individuals to associate with others who share similar political preferences and backgrounds. This video video idea extends into the domain of social media, particularly platforms like Facebook, which can amplify existing political divides by tailoring content based on user profiles and interests.

The authors conducted research to explore whether political homophily in Southeast Europe relates to individuals' experiences of war, examining social networks and how people's views on the war influence their social connections. Their findings suggest that individuals are more likely to form ties with others who share similar perspectives on war, and that experiences of trauma from war affect social interactions. Veterans tend to have larger networks compared to civilians, while refugees often experience social isolation due to the disconnection from their communities.

The study utilized a novel approach, combining qualitative and quantitative research methods, including an online survey administered through Facebook to gather detailed data on demographics, political opinions, and war experiences. While the research sheds light on the impact of historical conflicts on contemporary social networks, it acknowledges limitations, such as relying on self-reported data and the challenges of establishing causality.

The key implications highlight that opinions about historical conflicts shape present social relations and that understanding these dynamics is crucial for fostering reconciliation in post-conflict societies. The research emphasizes the significance of shared historical narratives in influencing current social connections and underlines the challenges and potential for building empathy between diverse communities in post-war environments.

Language:

Export as PDF

Export as PDF
It seems that the video you want to analyze is not . Could you please share the video or specify which work you're referring to? I'll be happy to help you identify key quotes from it.

X-TIMESTAMP-MAP:LOCAL=00:00:00.000,MPEGTS=900000

00:00.035 --> 00:02.005
Homophily is sort of the idea

00:02.005 --> 00:04.285
that people naturally gravitate to others

00:04.315 --> 00:05.365
that look like them.

00:05.505 --> 00:07.845
And this also extends to politics.

00:07.905 --> 00:11.005
We like to surround ourselves, with people

00:11.075 --> 00:13.565
that share our political preferences that,

00:13.565 --> 00:15.245
that think like, we do.

00:15.665 --> 00:18.725
Uh, and obviously social media, like Facebook in particular,

00:18.725 --> 00:20.325
plays an important role in this.

00:20.555 --> 00:24.205
It's not a neutral platform, like it's, it's algorithms.

00:24.555 --> 00:27.845
It's, offers people, content on the base

00:27.845 --> 00:30.485
of their profile, their interest, and their preferences.

00:30.545 --> 00:33.485
And this can entrench existing, patterns

00:33.485 --> 00:35.165
of political, homophily.

00:35.825 --> 00:38.405
Um, now in, in our research, we, we wanted

00:38.425 --> 00:41.405
to see whether this, political homophily in post

00:41.425 --> 00:44.965
for Southeast Europe, extends to, the war past.

00:45.425 --> 00:47.965
Do people, gravitate to each other on the base

00:47.965 --> 00:49.285
of war experiences

00:49.705 --> 00:52.485
and how they, look back, on the war?

00:53.385 --> 00:56.325
We, so, so a lot of literature on social networks,

00:56.535 --> 00:59.085
focus on this indeed, this concept of,

00:59.155 --> 01:01.085
homophily political, homophily.

01:01.105 --> 01:04.765
And, essentially there are two ways, in which sort

01:04.765 --> 01:06.485
of this it's surrounding ourselves with,

01:06.485 --> 01:09.125
with like-minded people, happens.

01:09.295 --> 01:12.365
First, we select people on the basis of, you know,

01:12.365 --> 01:13.645
similarities that we have.

01:13.875 --> 01:16.165
Like we, when we discover

01:16.165 --> 01:19.485
that someone we know has a different opinion, we choose not

01:19.945 --> 01:22.925
to maintain that connection or sever it altogether.

01:23.625 --> 01:28.005
Um, and also we try to achieve similarity,

01:28.265 --> 01:30.565
by sort of converging, like changing our own opinion.

01:31.065 --> 01:34.405
We adjust our preferences so that we bridge the gap

01:34.405 --> 01:36.565
with our environment, and we do so

01:36.565 --> 01:39.125
because, our surrounding ourselves

01:39.125 --> 01:42.805
with like-minded people makes cooperation, communication,

01:42.865 --> 01:45.845
and trust a lot easier, to achieve.

01:46.185 --> 01:48.165
And also, it's an important psychological aspect,

01:48.165 --> 01:51.885
like we like having our own opinions, confirmed.

01:52.225 --> 01:53.605
Uh, so yeah,

01:54.195 --> 01:58.365
When it comes to the literatures on war, social networks

01:58.365 --> 02:01.085
and social ties, there are a lot of, obviously,

02:01.365 --> 02:03.565
contributions across different disciplines.

02:03.745 --> 02:06.485
But, I would say that arguably the best contributions

02:06.485 --> 02:08.445
that actually come from qualitative studies

02:08.545 --> 02:11.325
of post-conflict societies,

02:11.585 --> 02:14.005
and histories, for example, of refugee populations.

02:14.665 --> 02:16.285
Um, and this is obviously understandable

02:16.285 --> 02:19.605
because there are serious problems with data availability

02:19.905 --> 02:23.205
and access in most post-conflict, societies.

02:23.905 --> 02:26.925
Um, so for our study, we actually rely on

02:27.645 --> 02:30.605
literatures on social networks in general,

02:30.875 --> 02:34.165
plus literatures in psychology and politics and history

02:34.185 --> 02:37.445
and sociology of post-conflict societies to sort

02:37.445 --> 02:40.605
of generate our, empirical expectations.

02:41.225 --> 02:44.085
Um, so to give you an example, guided

02:44.105 --> 02:47.565
by the growing literature on the nature of a Yugoslav wars,

02:48.225 --> 02:51.445
and the efforts that, political parties

02:51.545 --> 02:53.325
and entrepreneurs have made in sort

02:53.325 --> 02:56.245
of politicizing the memories of those wars,

02:56.465 --> 03:00.005
we hypothesize that social ties are more likely to occur

03:00.005 --> 03:03.925
between people who hold similar views of the Yugoslav wars.

03:04.345 --> 03:08.045
Um, then we rely on the literatures,

03:08.265 --> 03:11.645
on the psychology of post-traumatic stress disorder

03:11.645 --> 03:14.525
and post-conflict societies to propose that

03:15.065 --> 03:18.645
people suffering from more trauma are probably more likely

03:18.705 --> 03:22.245
to form ties with those who suffer from,

03:22.305 --> 03:23.525
war trauma as well.

03:24.105 --> 03:28.045
Um, then we also rely on sociological literature on the

03:28.245 --> 03:31.165
reintegration of war veterans into post-conflict societies,

03:31.165 --> 03:33.525
particularly in Southeast Europe, where a lot

03:33.525 --> 03:37.365
of these veteran populations have sort of, become,

03:37.415 --> 03:40.205
let's say a socially privileged groups in some contexts.

03:40.385 --> 03:43.245
Um, and there we propose that war veterans,

03:43.875 --> 03:46.165
have a larger social network than non-veterans,

03:46.165 --> 03:48.565
and that veterans are more likely to form ties

03:48.635 --> 03:49.965
with other veterans.

03:50.585 --> 03:52.405
Um, and then finally guided

03:52.425 --> 03:54.085
by the literatures on the politics

03:54.085 --> 03:56.765
and sociology of war related migration

03:56.945 --> 03:58.405
and the lives of refugees.

03:59.105 --> 04:01.805
We hypothesize that people with experiences

04:01.905 --> 04:04.045
of forced displacement caused

04:04.045 --> 04:06.365
by war have a smaller social network.

04:06.665 --> 04:09.925
In other words, we hypothesize that former refugees face,

04:10.225 --> 04:12.885
social isolation, even decades

04:13.055 --> 04:16.125
after the conflicts that are pr to them actually ended.

04:16.745 --> 04:19.085
Um, so to sum it up,

04:19.165 --> 04:21.845
I guess we bring together disparate

04:21.985 --> 04:26.365
and, interdisciplinary, literatures to sort

04:26.365 --> 04:29.725
of bring them together and say something, I believe unique

04:29.725 --> 04:32.565
and important about post-conflict social networks.

04:33.185 --> 04:37.725
So we, employed a very unique, innovative,

04:38.045 --> 04:40.245
approach to collecting, collecting our, our data.

04:40.865 --> 04:43.085
We conducted a large scale,

04:43.085 --> 04:46.485
online survey using Facebook's, online platform

04:46.485 --> 04:49.365
to recruit, respondents for this, for the survey.

04:49.865 --> 04:53.405
The survey features, of course, questions on people's,

04:53.425 --> 04:56.485
demographics, their political preferences,

04:56.485 --> 04:59.565
but also extended batteries on their war experiences

04:59.865 --> 05:03.485
and their views on the war past their opinions on

05:04.025 --> 05:07.925
the origins, the conduct, and the outcome of, the wars.

05:08.545 --> 05:13.085
Um, and by using, Facebook as a platform to recruit,

05:13.285 --> 05:14.965
participants, we were able

05:14.985 --> 05:17.605
to gather information about social networks

05:17.675 --> 05:21.445
between those participants getting a very, detailed view

05:21.545 --> 05:25.245
of, social connections in our survey, sample.

05:25.545 --> 05:27.365
And this is really one of the like,

05:27.365 --> 05:28.925
innovative aspects of our data.

05:29.295 --> 05:32.605
We've had studies before that had, high quality,

05:32.605 --> 05:34.445
network data, and we've had studies

05:34.445 --> 05:36.365
before that had high quality survey data,

05:36.665 --> 05:41.005
but rarely have studies been able to combine both in,

05:41.265 --> 05:42.325
one data set.

05:42.895 --> 05:46.005
Often people rely on, asking respondents

05:46.385 --> 05:47.725
who is in their social network,

05:47.905 --> 05:49.845
and you essentially rely on their memory.

05:50.025 --> 05:52.885
And, you know, people often yeah, make mistakes,

05:53.065 --> 05:56.245
and that's something all these problems that we avoid,

05:56.385 --> 05:59.365
in, our dataset,

05:59.985 --> 06:02.085
to model the, to model the data.

06:02.385 --> 06:05.125
We used, the exponential random graph, a model,

06:05.215 --> 06:07.245
which is a complicated, term,

06:07.385 --> 06:09.605
but it's essentially a model that is built

06:09.745 --> 06:11.525
to analyze social networks

06:11.585 --> 06:13.005
and help you answer the question

06:13.545 --> 06:17.365
why some people are connected and why others, are not.

06:17.505 --> 06:21.205
And whether these connections depend on similarities in

06:21.205 --> 06:23.605
people's, education in their region

06:23.705 --> 06:25.725
and in their political, views.

06:26.305 --> 06:29.725
Uh, also importantly, the model allows you to account for,

06:29.865 --> 06:32.605
interdependencies in, the data.

06:32.955 --> 06:34.805
What does this mean? For instance,

06:35.195 --> 06:36.765
when two people are connected,

06:37.075 --> 06:40.085
this might seem like this is the result of them being

06:40.085 --> 06:42.325
of a similar age or from a similar region,

06:42.815 --> 06:45.725
while in fact there is a third mutual friend

06:45.835 --> 06:47.645
that allow them to meet each other.

06:47.785 --> 06:49.765
So it's more a friend of a friend kind

06:49.765 --> 06:51.885
of situation than anything else.

06:52.385 --> 06:54.645
If you don't account for this, your data

06:54.905 --> 06:57.285
or your results can be extremely biased.

06:57.505 --> 07:01.005
And this is what we, can avoid using, ERGM models.

07:01.565 --> 07:03.045
I think it's important to also to,

07:03.225 --> 07:05.765
to mention obviously the limitations of,

07:05.945 --> 07:08.405
of our research design and of the,

07:08.945 --> 07:10.365
and of the data that we have.

07:11.225 --> 07:13.685
Um, obviously no study's perfect

07:13.865 --> 07:16.285
and ours has its share of limitations.

07:16.825 --> 07:21.165
Um, for starters, if one wants to say something,

07:21.535 --> 07:24.725
about network connections in general,

07:24.785 --> 07:25.885
in post conflict societies,

07:26.265 --> 07:28.165
we obviously focus on online connections,

07:28.165 --> 07:30.565
which obviously might not fully represent

07:30.565 --> 07:31.725
offline social networks.

07:31.725 --> 07:34.245
Obviously in today's world, it's very difficult

07:34.245 --> 07:36.205
to say if it's possible to separate online

07:36.225 --> 07:37.285
and offline lives.

07:37.355 --> 07:38.485
Yeah. Um,

07:38.985 --> 07:41.325
and there's obviously the fact that we are using Facebook

07:41.325 --> 07:43.925
data, which brings in potential biases related to

07:44.025 --> 07:45.925
how people behave on social media,

07:46.705 --> 07:48.725
the platform's own algorithms.

07:49.225 --> 07:51.605
Um, this can actually also be a good thing

07:51.605 --> 07:55.045
because offline relations obviously cause time and energy

07:55.145 --> 07:58.045
and online platforms like Facebook kind

07:58.045 --> 07:59.245
of remove those obstacles.

07:59.785 --> 08:03.685
Um, this kind of allows people to pursue the social network

08:03.795 --> 08:04.885
that want to have,

08:05.385 --> 08:07.885
and this makes it easier for us as scholars to discover

08:07.885 --> 08:09.085
and identify the drivers

08:09.345 --> 08:12.045
and mechanisms behind people's social networks.

08:12.665 --> 08:16.805
Um, yeah, obviously also we relied on,

08:16.805 --> 08:18.685
self-reported data, which means we had

08:18.685 --> 08:21.005
to consider subjective nature of,

08:21.005 --> 08:22.725
people's recollections and perceptions.

08:23.265 --> 08:25.925
Um, we also could not really answer the whole

08:26.725 --> 08:28.365
convergence versus selection puzzle.

08:28.745 --> 08:30.805
In other words, whether people are connected

08:30.875 --> 08:32.565
with like-minded individuals

08:32.565 --> 08:36.005
because they held these similar views, prior

08:36.005 --> 08:37.245
to meeting each other, or

08:37.245 --> 08:39.485
because their views sort of converged over time.

08:40.145 --> 08:43.925
Um, we also focus on southeast Europe, so there's a question

08:43.925 --> 08:45.765
of how much we can generalize these findings

08:45.765 --> 08:47.125
to other post-conflict regions.

08:47.705 --> 08:51.445
Um, establishing causalities also difficult due to lack

08:51.445 --> 08:56.125
of pre-war data, but here we did not only rely on sort of

08:56.885 --> 09:00.285
variable rich models that, arguably controlled for

09:01.075 --> 09:02.565
most possible confounders.

09:03.025 --> 09:05.845
Um, we also conducted different sorts

09:05.845 --> 09:07.125
of sensitivity analysis

09:07.125 --> 09:09.445
that confirmed the robustness of our findings.

09:09.625 --> 09:13.845
Um, and from the standpoint of the societies that are sort

09:13.845 --> 09:17.365
of moving forward and sort of hopefully healing in any form

09:17.365 --> 09:20.165
of post-conflict reconciliation, this question

09:21.485 --> 09:22.605
arguably doesn't really matter.

09:22.675 --> 09:24.525
What matters in our view is

09:24.525 --> 09:28.245
that social relations right now are actually defined by

09:28.305 --> 09:31.605
and imbued sort of with meaning that is derived from

09:32.275 --> 09:33.725
this recent history of violence.

09:34.465 --> 09:37.365
Um, so in a nutshell, while our study sort

09:37.365 --> 09:41.245
of offers some groundbreaking insights into the intersection

09:41.265 --> 09:43.365
of war histories and online social networks,

09:43.945 --> 09:46.125
it also has its fair share of limitations.

09:46.385 --> 09:48.925
And these limitations I think, remind us

09:48.925 --> 09:51.725
that we should be cautious in interpreting the findings,

09:52.185 --> 09:54.765
but also they point us in the

09:55.405 --> 09:57.045
exciting directions for future research.

09:57.185 --> 09:59.845
The results that we found were pretty, eye-opening.

10:00.185 --> 10:01.685
We very much found that,

10:01.785 --> 10:04.605
the war passed in the region has a very strong shaping

10:04.605 --> 10:07.405
influence on people's, social lives.

10:07.945 --> 10:12.685
Uh, today, we saw that, views on the war,

10:12.865 --> 10:15.765
and, shape social connections.

10:15.785 --> 10:17.845
People are more likely to be connected to others

10:18.025 --> 10:20.685
who view the war in a similar light.

10:21.025 --> 10:22.445
We believe this is due to the fact

10:22.445 --> 10:25.445
that the war is still an important issue in the region.

10:26.105 --> 10:27.285
For instance, many,

10:27.405 --> 10:30.445
politicians regularly reference the war in their speeches

10:30.665 --> 10:32.125
and in their campaigns.

10:32.395 --> 10:34.085
This makes the war important

10:34.265 --> 10:37.045
and a relevant criterion when evaluating,

10:37.265 --> 10:38.405
social connections.

10:38.665 --> 10:40.325
Do I want to be friends with someone

10:40.465 --> 10:43.005
who thinks differently about the war,

10:43.005 --> 10:44.525
that took place in my region?

10:45.465 --> 10:47.485
Uh, we also see that, people

10:47.665 --> 10:50.645
who suffer from war trauma today are more likely

10:50.785 --> 10:53.765
to seek each other out on, social media.

10:54.545 --> 10:57.645
We think that this is because they seek sort of a, a sense

10:57.645 --> 10:59.805
of understanding, a connection with other people

10:59.865 --> 11:01.605
who understand what they're going through

11:01.955 --> 11:04.085
that get their suffering.

11:04.585 --> 11:07.725
Um, and in that sense they want to, they, they're looking

11:07.785 --> 11:11.245
for a sort of mutually support group, online.

11:12.065 --> 11:13.565
Um, we also see that,

11:13.705 --> 11:17.005
war veterans have larger social networks in general.

11:17.035 --> 11:20.325
They obviously connect also more with other war veterans due

11:20.325 --> 11:21.765
to some of them, you know,

11:21.785 --> 11:23.965
having spent time in the military together

11:24.345 --> 11:27.365
and many of the war federal organizations in the region.

11:27.985 --> 11:31.085
But their overall larger, social network

11:31.745 --> 11:33.205
is most likely the case

11:33.205 --> 11:36.845
because in the region, they're viewed by many as heroes.

11:37.025 --> 11:39.605
You know, the, the war heroes that,

11:39.835 --> 11:43.045
risk their lives in defense of, donation

11:43.265 --> 11:47.165
and this increased social standing naturally enlarges their,

11:47.305 --> 11:49.005
social, social circle.

11:49.945 --> 11:53.445
Um, and we also see that, we displaced people.

11:53.665 --> 11:56.845
War migrants have a smaller social circle.

11:56.875 --> 11:58.525
They have fewer social connections.

11:59.025 --> 12:01.605
Uh, and this is most likely the case that their,

12:02.195 --> 12:06.045
they were essentially ripped very, abruptly from their,

12:06.225 --> 12:07.845
home communities,

12:07.845 --> 12:10.365
and had to flee to their host countries.

12:10.795 --> 12:14.165
Many of the social connections that they had were severed

12:14.305 --> 12:17.485
and, few have been able to be repaired

12:17.485 --> 12:18.645
or maintained afterwards.

12:19.195 --> 12:20.885
It's also one of the possibilities is

12:20.885 --> 12:25.685
that while in some cases the initial welcome was a warm one,

12:25.745 --> 12:29.725
as is the case for some war migrants, sooner

12:29.745 --> 12:34.685
or later, like in many instances, war refugees are seen

12:34.825 --> 12:38.805
as a burden on the host's society, not at least financially.

12:39.105 --> 12:41.365
So this might contribute to their overall,

12:41.365 --> 12:42.605
social, isolation.

12:42.915 --> 12:45.365
Well, if I had to sum up the takeaways from our study,

12:45.515 --> 12:50.285
sort of in, in three words, I would say opinions,

12:50.635 --> 12:54.805
experiences and time, when it comes to opinions,

12:55.055 --> 12:59.245
we've basically shown that, political homophily

12:59.515 --> 13:01.165
that is based on war views.

13:02.335 --> 13:06.185
This is our key finding was, really strong.

13:06.365 --> 13:07.625
People are really sort

13:07.625 --> 13:10.905
of connecting based on their views about the Yugo law wars

13:10.905 --> 13:12.545
in many instances, these were young people

13:12.605 --> 13:17.025
who did not actually live, live through these wars.

13:17.095 --> 13:19.905
Obviously these wars took place more than two decades ago.

13:20.445 --> 13:24.385
Um, showing us just how influential these,

13:24.555 --> 13:27.185
historical events in the creation of narratives

13:27.335 --> 13:29.025
that essentially are all

13:29.025 --> 13:32.025
of these wars in Southeast Europe were nation building wars.

13:32.325 --> 13:34.905
So the extent to which these narratives are really powerful

13:35.525 --> 13:37.665
and the extent to which opinions

13:37.665 --> 13:39.785
of them actually shape social connections

13:39.785 --> 13:41.785
to this day when it comes to the experience

13:41.785 --> 13:46.065
that we've also shown that, yeah, real experiences

13:46.125 --> 13:48.865
of conflict, whether as a refugee or a veteran

13:49.005 --> 13:52.225
or a victim actually makes a difference

13:52.525 --> 13:54.465
in post-conflict.

13:54.765 --> 13:58.945
Uh, social relations wars are in many ways sort

13:58.945 --> 14:01.785
of the great social reshuffles, right?

14:02.205 --> 14:05.145
Um, obviously people participate in war and,

14:05.145 --> 14:09.105
and, based on their pre-war,

14:09.245 --> 14:12.705
social position or social views or ideological views.

14:13.205 --> 14:16.265
Um, but more often than not,

14:16.645 --> 14:20.305
people are unwillingly thrust into violence,

14:20.845 --> 14:24.505
and that violence decisively impacts the quality

14:24.565 --> 14:27.065
and the nature of their, of their lives

14:27.155 --> 14:28.185
after the conflict.

14:28.485 --> 14:31.145
And then when it comes to time, I think we've shown

14:31.295 --> 14:34.665
that this is a really long lasting effect

14:34.845 --> 14:38.545
of violence on post war societies.

14:39.085 --> 14:43.345
Um, these wars, once again, ended more than two decades ago.

14:43.725 --> 14:47.825
And, they still to this day, have a, have a,

14:47.825 --> 14:51.765
have a massive impact on how people live their lives

14:51.785 --> 14:55.085
and who do they connect with, on a day-to-day basis.

14:55.865 --> 15:00.725
So when it comes to implications, I would say that,

15:01.465 --> 15:05.485
we have sort of helped, the academic,

15:05.915 --> 15:09.565
scholarly community to understand better post or societies.

15:09.925 --> 15:13.205
I mean, nothing that we have, demonstrated

15:13.825 --> 15:16.885
is particularly surprising, let's say.

15:17.385 --> 15:22.005
Um, though it is obviously I think wonderful

15:22.005 --> 15:23.645
that we were able to show it in sort

15:23.645 --> 15:25.765
of a methodologically rigorous kind of way.

15:26.385 --> 15:29.805
Um, when it comes to informing policy makers,

15:29.805 --> 15:31.685
regarding the reconciliation efforts,

15:32.255 --> 15:34.245
there are really big implications here.

15:34.585 --> 15:38.085
Um, because we need to understand that

15:38.945 --> 15:42.645
we live not only in the bubbles of the, like-minded related

15:42.705 --> 15:47.005
to, you know, our attitudes towards,

15:47.065 --> 15:48.525
our contemporary societies,

15:48.665 --> 15:50.485
but we also live in the bubbles of the,

15:50.485 --> 15:54.045
like-minded when it comes to experiencing history.

15:54.265 --> 15:58.445
That's why, all social efforts,

15:58.825 --> 16:01.125
by NGOs or governmental organizations

16:01.145 --> 16:04.845
or international, non-governmental organizations,

16:05.195 --> 16:09.045
that bring communities together in order disparate

16:09.045 --> 16:11.485
communities together in order to increase

16:11.505 --> 16:16.045
and improve, their level of just mutual empathy.

16:16.355 --> 16:20.805
Yeah. Um, are critical if reconciliation is to take place.

16:21.585 --> 16:25.765
Um, so I would say that we've sort

16:25.765 --> 16:30.245
of opened up, a lot,

16:30.905 --> 16:32.845
of questions related to

16:32.845 --> 16:36.965
how deeply historical conflicts can affect social networks

16:37.025 --> 16:41.395
and provided sort of a blend of history,

16:41.485 --> 16:45.355
psychology, and digital technology, showing

16:45.695 --> 16:48.835
how the past really continues to shape our present

16:49.415 --> 16:52.315
and obviously future sort of social landscape.

Faculti AI can make mistakes

Faculti

Popular in Social Sciences

Macroeconomic modelling of CBDC: a critical review

Financing Private Credit

Failing Banks

The City as a Growth Machine: Toward a Political Economy of Place

Keeping the Republic

Entrepreneurial thinking: the politics and practice of policy impact

The Ties that Bind: War Histories and Online Social Networks in Postwar Societies

Next in Political Science

Guide

Platform and Category Pages

Contact Us

FAQs

Guide

Interview Process

For in-depth insights:

For news and opinion commentaries:

Page Structure

Popular in Social Sciences

Guide

Platform and Category Pages

Contact Us

FAQs

Guide

Interview Process

For in-depth insights:

For news and opinion commentaries:

Accessibility Options

Contrast Adjustment

Text Size Adjustment

Text Spacing Adjustment

Line Height Adjustment

Cursor Size Adjustment

Page Structure Options

Page Structure