Clifford Ando discusses how early states built their territorial, legal, and political powers before they had the capacity to enforce them and how state power first developed from the Andes to China, from Babylon to Rome. Clifford Ando is the David B. and Clara E. Stern Professor and Professor of Classics, History, and Law at the University of Chicago and Research Fellow in the Department of Biblical and Ancient Studies at the University of South Africa. Publication