Gerard Hodgkinson contributes to the growing body of research concerning the dynamics and impact of conscious and nonconscious cognitive processes on individual and collective behavior in the workplace. Dual-process theories have occupied the center ground of this literature. However, in recent years, the field of psychology, in which these theories originated, has differentiated two fundamentally different categories of dual-process theory: default-interventionist and parallel-competitive. These alternative conceptions are predicated on incommensurable assumptions, but management and organization studies (MOS) researchers are seemingly oblivious to this important distinction, risking the development of a body of work that is fundamentally incoherent because it is predicated on psychological foundations that are untenable. Publication