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Gevork Hartoonian delves into the architectural philosophies expressed in the works of Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier. His study highlights the distinct non-synchronicity in their approaches to the relationship between column and wall.

Image courtesy of interviewee. September 5, 2024

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This video discusses the author's research journey into modern architecture, emphasizing the influence of three architects, Frank Lloyd Wright , Le Corbusier and Mies van der Rohe, on the understanding of architectural development. The author recounts how their interest began during graduate studies in Iran and evolved through a PhD at the University of Pennsylvania, where they explored the philosophical implications of technology in architecture, particularly through the writings of philosophers like Martin Heidegger and Walter Benjamin.

A significant aspect of the author's work is the examination of the structural concept of the "domino frame," popularized by architect Le Corbusier, and its impact on modernist architecture. The author underscores how this concept challenges traditional masonry construction and facilitates new tectonic relationships between columns and walls, similar to historical architectural practices, such as those seen in Greek temples.

This video also introduces the idea of a historiographical dimension, focusing on the notion of "delay" in the appropriation of technology in architecture, arguing that not all architects of the same era fully embraced contemporary engineering methods. This video delay is portrayed as a critical historiographical concept to resist the oversimplified narrative of a unified architectural zeitgeist.

The author contrasts the approaches of significant modern architects, illustrating how their different uses of the domino frame reflect broader implications for architecture's future. The discussion includes the commodification of aesthetics in contemporary architecture and a critique of how present architectural education increasingly aligns with industry demands, often neglecting historical scholarship.

Ultimately, the author aims to contribute to architecture’s historiography by analyzing the temporal discrepancies between the works of various architects, thereby enriching the discourse on modern architecture and its evolution.

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Here are five key points from the video:

1. **Historical and Philosophical Interest**: The speaker describes their journey of research and personal interest in modern architecture, specifically highlighting the influence of architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright and the significance of technology in architectural philosophy, referencing the works of thinkers like Martin Heidegger and Walter Benjamin.

2. **Tectonics of Architecture**: The speaker emphasizes the importance of the relationship between columns and walls in modern architecture. They mention the concept of the domino frame as introduced by Le Corbusier, which challenges traditional masonry approaches and showcases a new tectonic expression in architecture.

3. **Delay and Historiography**: A unique aspect introduced in the discussion is the concept of delay in architectural historiography, where the relationship between engineering practices and architectural design evolves over time. The speaker proposes that this delay indicates a non-simultaneous appreciation of technology and architectural advances, thereby creating a critical perspective on modernist notions of synchronous progress in architecture.

4. **Contemporary Architectural Practice**: The video discusses the shift in architectural practices and education, critiquing the commodification and spectacularization of architecture in contemporary times. The speaker calls attention to how the current industry-focused approach in architectural education has led to the neglect of historical and theoretical foundations.

5. **Contributions to Architectural Theory**: The speaker aims to fill gaps in the existing literature on modern architecture by exploring the differing contributions of architects like Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier in relation to the domino frame. They highlight the temporal discrepancies in their works to provide new insights into the influence and evolution of architectural concepts over time.

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Here are some key quotes from the video , focusing on the central themes and ideas expressed throughout the passage:

1. **On Personal Interest and Research:**
- "It was a process of research and also personal interest."
- "My interest in both these architects were very clear."

2. **Philosophical Inquiry into Technology:**
- "I came across the question of technology, more philosophically... how technology has informed modern architecture."

3. **Influence of Architectural Figures:**
- "It became quite interesting to me... I got almost shocked to look at ESS plants, especially the Barcelona Pavilion."

4. **Tectonics and Architectural Elements:**
- "The tectonics of column and wall... to notice that the plan is organized with a module."
- "It questioned the dominant construction role of the masonry world in architecture."

5. **Historiography of Architecture:**
- "The dimension of historiography of architecture has to do with this notion of delay."
- “If you look at rest of the modern architects, all of them were aware of using steel structure, but none articulated and conceptualized as Cent local busier did.”

6. **Critical Perspectives on Modernism:**
- "The early modernist notion of zeitgeist... follow certain spirit."
- “There was a delay in that work of engineers and architects.”

7. **Impact on Contemporary Architecture:**
- "In contemporary architecture, the structural issues are more complex thanks to development of science and engineering."
- "The frame still is there, even though it is covered by flamboyant surface articulations."

8. **Critique of Architectural Education:**
- "What is happening at schools of architecture today is unfortunate... history theory is not being founded almost."

9. **Contributions to Architectural Literature:**
- "What my book contributes to the existing literature... is that I use this motion of the non-simultaneous creation."

10. **Temporal Discrepancies in Architectural Approaches:**
- "I call... early on wall and early on column to show this temporal discrepancy between their approaches."

These quotes encapsulate the speaker's journey of exploration in architecture, the philosophical inquiries they encountered, the impact of notable architects, and the critical perspectives they have regarding architectural history and education.

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Here are some related works:

1. **The Impact of Technology on Modern Architecture**: Exploring how advancements in technology have shaped contemporary architectural practices and philosophies.

2. **The Legacy of Mies van der Rohe**: An in-depth analysis of Mies van der Rohe's contributions to modern architecture, focusing on his use of space, materials, and the concept of the 'free plan'.

3. **Architectural Historiography and its Evolution**: Discussing the development of architectural historiography and how different eras have influenced the interpretation of architectural history.

4. **The Role of Columns and Walls in Architecture**: A study tracing the historical and theoretical significance of columns and walls in the formation of architectural styles from ancient to modern times.

5. **Comparative Analysis of Modern Architects**: An examination of the works of different modern architects and their unique contributions to architectural theory and practice.

6. **Cultural Influences on Architectural Design**: Investigating how various cultural movements and philosophies have impacted architectural styles and frameworks across different regions.

7. **Deconstructionism in Architecture**: An exploration of how deconstructionist theories have influenced modern architectural practice and the interpretation of space.

8. **Sustainability and Modern Architecture**: Discussing the current trends in architecture that integrate sustainable practices and how they relate back to earlier modernist principles.

If you are looking for specific articles, consider searching academic databases like JSTOR, Google Scholar, or architectural journals that publish contemporary discussions on architectural theory and history.

X-TIMESTAMP-MAP:LOCAL=00:00:00.000,MPEGTS=900000

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It was a process of research

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and also personal interest.

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Uh, starting first, even when I was

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graduate student back in Iran, my interest in,

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both these architects were very clear.

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And even in back then in Iran,

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in addition to Frank Lloyd Wright.

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It was these two figures that we will get to

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understand what is modern architecture about.

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Uh, when, I was in the process of PhD

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degree at University of Pennsylvania, I came across

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to the question of technology, more the philosophically,

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for example, the writings of, Martin Heider

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and also Walter Benin.

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Uh, so, that, prompt

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to look into how technology has informed

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modern architecture.

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Uh, well, obviously, whoever makes this kind of,

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search you will come up

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with a local domino frame.

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Uh, that,

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he also talks about it in his famous book towards a new

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architecture, which has been taught undergraduate,

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even graduate level at different universities,

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across the world.

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So, that became, quite interesting

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to me in, late eighties,

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I think there was a huge exhibition on Miss Vanover

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at the Museum of a Modern Art, with models

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and drawings over there.

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I got almost shocked to look at

02:04.265 --> 02:09.205
ESS plants, especially the, Barcelona Pavilion,

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and my own obs observation.

02:13.835 --> 02:18.485
Then that later on became this whole idea

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of the tectonics of column

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and wall in my most writings, was to

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notice that the plan is organized,

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with a module that there's a glass, kind of,

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horizontal looking wall and two columns in front of it.

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And the plan is organized by rotating this around there.

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And therefore, for me, became interesting

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to look at these two architects in terms of their approach

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to, frame and

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Also, reading.

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Other architects like Peter Eisman has written a very,

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interesting essay about, domino Fran, both as a concept,

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but also as a modern phenomenon.

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Uh, but I was more into it to see how this frame

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in both these architects introduced.

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First of all, it questioned the dominant co construction,

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role of the masonry world in architecture,

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and then, how it creates a new tectonic

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between column and vault.

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However, column

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and vault has been part of the, architecture

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practice and theories of architecture.

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If you look, at the Greek, temples,

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we can see a row of culture enclosing the space,

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and then inside there is a masonry, cell.

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So there was this dialogue between, column

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and wall already there,

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but it became formulated by l Batista

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ti the Renaissance architect, who considered Colin

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as a ornament per se.

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So, and then we can see in his, v

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plot, Rochelle, that, the surface of the

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facade is, inscribed

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by column looking elements.

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Uh, but it came to us mostly

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as a modern architects

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and scholars through Gideon's book on

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concrete and exploring the impact of the

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industrialization in the work of engineering

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and the new concept of space

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and structure with this in mind.

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Then the other issue of,

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that I have introduced in the book,

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which is I think unique, is the dimension

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of historiography of architecture.

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And, and that dimension of historiography has to do

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with this notion of delay.

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The, this, delay, for example,

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already existed there between the work of engineering

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and architects in terms of the, appreciating

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the, the position of the column and world in architecture

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or in a modern architecture, how to use industrial materials

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and techniques and formulate a new, architecture.

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There was this delay, in that work,

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work of engineers and, architects.

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But for me, this delay became more like a

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critical historiography to resist

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the early modernist notion of zeitgeist that

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the entire, architecture of a period,

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follow certain spirit spirituality

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or certain, positions about these issues.

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Uh, whereas, later on through the work of,

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Walter Benjamin on technology, I came to

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this notion that, temporality

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is not, appreciated by the same people living

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in an particular epoch or time.

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There was this idea of the, delay

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and, non simultaneous,

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appropriation of technology, in,

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in practice, but also then for me, became a,

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a histori graphic, concept.

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Uh, because if you look at rest of the,

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modern architects, all of them were aware of the,

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using steel structure,

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but, none of them articulated

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and conceptualize as, cent local busier did.

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The comparison between,

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local bus domino frame is a conceptual phenomena

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because it can be that five points of architecture,

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and that was so important that even today in the age

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of digital reproducibility architecture,

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the frame still is there, even though,

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it is covered by flamboyant surface articulations.

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But beneath that, still, there is this, notion

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of the, frame.

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But what is changed is that in contemporary architecture,

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the structural issues are more complex, thanks

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to development of science

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and engineering, that at the time of

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luzi was not available,

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but lu's four points, particularly the,

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free facade,

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and, free plan, to take these two,

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it became something,

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that mistook it in a completely different way.

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Uh, for example, if you look at the villa

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or, pavilion,

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Barcelona Pavilion, you would see that the, open plant,

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they there is totally different, connotations

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or in Bri brick country house.

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Then there, there is a different way of open plan than

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in local, villas

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or, other villas that he designed.

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And another thing that it was very buan, so to speak, is

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that, he, he used this, domino,

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domino frame, to give an orientation to the building.

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That's why in most of his buildings, it's a linear,

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shape in the, in the, the building

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that it comes with the possibility.

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And somehow the Heisman has, discussed these two,

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that the, the way the, that columns

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sets back from the slab, it's in two different ways.

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So the,

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domino could be extended in one direction, infin

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not on both directions.

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Uh, this was something that was not an issue for,

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for me, because, means,

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and this is one of my contributions also in the book, is

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that how to characterize historiography

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histori graphically, these two architects different from

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what has been discussed in,

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numerous books about these two in the published, books

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and scholarly, essays.

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I introduced this notion of d

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and re territorial, which I took it from,

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philosopher.

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My proposition was that, whereas

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me was de territorializing that culture

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of humanism, problematizing its continuity

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towards what he wanted called, almost nothing,

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which I can explain what did he mean?

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Whereas looker, busia, creativity was

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to make possibility of that culture to develop,

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but in more abstract sense that even today in digital,

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architecture, they are using,

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this is a major differences between these two

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architects contribution to the notion of domino frame

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or frame as a concept,

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and in regard to the, their own work,

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but also in regard to the future of, architecture.

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That's why, if you consider

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ads late ads Postmodernist,

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architecture, they were all very critical on mis basically

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because the mis put modern architecture in a position

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that nobody could do anything beyond what he was proposing.

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Like the whole notion of their, high rise building

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or towers still his, language of steel

12:32.585 --> 12:37.285
and glass is dominant except, with different,

12:37.485 --> 12:39.845
articulation from postmodern

12:40.555 --> 12:44.245
postmodernist simulation of historical forms

12:44.665 --> 12:48.565
to the current digital, simulation

12:48.705 --> 12:51.805
of the different playful play,

12:53.315 --> 12:54.805
playful surfaces.

12:54.915 --> 12:57.925
What is happening at schools of architecture today

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is unfortunate situation

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because of the introduction of this notion of industry,

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instead of what we used to call architects

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as a professional, there's a big differences in this.

13:15.955 --> 13:19.495
And, what this industry now means

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that if there is a research funding in,

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if there is in any schools

13:24.795 --> 13:29.415
or institutions, it has to be connected to industry.

13:30.755 --> 13:35.575
So this means that history theory is not being,

13:36.235 --> 13:37.855
founded almost.

13:38.715 --> 13:41.095
And, my book tries

13:41.395 --> 13:43.895
to emphasize on the importance

13:44.435 --> 13:49.095
of architectural history, both in terms

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of the, rewriting the history

13:54.125 --> 13:58.145
of modern architecture based on this new issue

13:58.165 --> 13:59.425
of temporality.

14:00.005 --> 14:04.385
Now simultaneous appreciation of, time,

14:05.085 --> 14:09.945
but also in regard as a critique of contemporarily

14:10.405 --> 14:11.505
of architecture

14:11.815 --> 14:15.465
that aesthetically is becoming more commodified

14:15.885 --> 14:19.425
and spectacular, objects.

14:19.765 --> 14:21.505
So that's about the research.

14:22.005 --> 14:23.105
Uh,

14:24.175 --> 14:29.035
but what, people, readers can take out of this book,

14:29.495 --> 14:30.995
of course, is different.

14:31.495 --> 14:33.155
Uh, it depends to their background.

14:34.205 --> 14:37.875
Where are they coming from, of course, there is,

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good information about these two architects,

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in, in the book.

14:45.785 --> 14:49.605
But what it, again, my book to me

14:50.315 --> 14:54.705
does contribute to the existing literature is that

14:56.615 --> 15:01.375
I use this motion of the non simul in

15:02.095 --> 15:03.775
creation of mis

15:04.395 --> 15:08.305
and local ing in terms of delay issue.

15:08.895 --> 15:12.465
Like the, if you look at, when

15:13.135 --> 15:16.785
Misdesigned Fran house, it was almost fifties,

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whereas local domino issue came in

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twenties as such.

15:22.735 --> 15:26.505
Then if you look at me's work, when he turned to Mason,

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real concrete, buildings, local

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was doing, something different.

15:34.645 --> 15:38.505
So this delay in both, in the chapters

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of the book I call,

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earlys on Wall

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and Earlys on column to show this

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discrepancy, temporal discrepancy

15:52.095 --> 15:56.545
between their approaches to the tectonics of column

15:56.605 --> 15:56.985
and wall.

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